❖ A code is a set of rules that serve as generally accepted guidelines recommended for the industry

to follow. They exist for the purpose of safety, quality or other benefit. On its own, a code is not a

law that must be followed, but can be adopted into a law or included in a business contract.

Codes that have been adopted by a city, state or country must then be followed.

❖ According to NFPA, a standard tends be “a more detailed elaboration“. A code tells you what

you need to do, and a standard tells you how to do it.

Standards benefit both the contractors and engineers who employ them, and also the end user.

One important electrical standard is IEEE Standard 142, another example is NFPA 70E.

❖ Specifications outline the requirements of a specific company or product. An individual company

may develop specifications for a given project or common installation, specifying the materials

(potentially even the specific brand wanted) for a project.

Specification requirements may go above code or standard requirements at company.

❖ A regulation is mandated by a government body and requires that -by law- those in the industry

comply. The regulation can incorporate codes or standards, or be created completely on its own.

Unlike a code or standard, a regulation does not necessarily require any industry consensus or

knowledgeable body to put it in affect.

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Non Conformance Report (NCR)